Response from Richard Heck on June 8, 2006

I take it that the thinking is that the family is the "basis of civilization" and that marriage is the basis of the family.

Both claims can be doubted. More importantly, their conjunction can be: It may well be that each claim can seem plausible, in its own right, but that is because one is understanding the word "family" in different senses both times. Perhaps there is some sense in which it's obvious that family groups are fundamental social units. But what a "family group" is, in that sense, needn't have much to do with "nucelar families" in the sense our President thinks of them. Or again, it may seem obvious that there is some sense in which marriage, by which I mean a committed long-term relationship between adults, is the basis of the family. But then one is of course thinking of "family" in a particular sense, and it's entirely unobvious why families in that sense are the foundation of civilization.

Regarding the last question: Why think that civilization needs to have a "fundamental basis" in the relevant sense?

Response from Jyl Gentzler on June 13, 2006

I agree with Richard that, to the extent that there is anything to this idea, it is based on a particular view about the importance of the family to human civilization. Traditionally, the family is the social unit in which human children are raised, acquire values, and develop moral character (i.e., are civilized). Proponents of the view that you are describing make the further assumption that the family is the best social institution for raising children. The idea here is that, in order to be psychologically healthy, children need to feel confident that the adults in their lives will do their best to take care of them and won’t take off whenever they see greener pastures elsewhere. The norms of family relationships, unlike the norms that govern other sorts of social relationships, demand such care and count against such “trading up.” And finally, proponents of the view that you describe maintain that, as social institutions for raising children, families are more likely to be stable and successful when they are headed by two adults in a committed long-term relationship (i.e., marriage), since it’s really hard (though certainly not impossible) to be a single, working parent.